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de Clifford, L.D., Lowe, J.N., McKellar, C.D., Bolwell, C., and David, F. (2021). A double-blinded positive control study comparing the relative efficacy of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) against triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) in the management of middle carpal joint lameness in racing Thoroughbreds.
de Clifford, L.D., Lowe, J.N., McKellar, C.D., Bolwell, C., and David, F. (2021). A double-blinded positive control study comparing the relative efficacy of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) against triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) in the management of middle carpal joint lameness in racing Thoroughbreds.
Lowe J, de Clifford L, Julian A, Koene M. Histologic and cytologic changes in normal equine joints after injection with 2.5% injectable polyacrylamide hydrogel reveal low-level macrophage-driven foreign body response. JAVMA 2024
Henrikson, M., Overgaard, A., and Bliddal, H. (2017). Initial Estimates of Efficacy of Intra-Articular 2.5% Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational Proof-of-Concept Study
Bathe, A.P., Read, R.M., and Briggs, C. (2016). Intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of 20 horses with non-responsive osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal joints: a prospective study

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